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Back in Black | ||||
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Studio album by | ||||
Released | 25 July 1980 | |||
Recorded | April–May 1980 | |||
Studio | Compass Point Studios, Nassau, Bahamas | |||
Genre | ||||
Length | 42:11 | |||
Label | Albert, Atlantic | |||
Producer | Robert John 'Mutt' Lange | |||
AC/DC chronology | ||||
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Singles from Back in Black | ||||
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Back in Black is the seventh studio album by Australian rock band AC/DC. It was released on 25 July 1980 by Albert Productions and Atlantic Records. It is the band's first album to feature vocalist Brian Johnson, following the death of previous vocalist Bon Scott.
After the commercial breakthrough of their 1979 album Highway to Hell, AC/DC was planning to record a follow-up, but in February 1980, Scott died from alcohol poisoning after a drinking binge. Instead of disbanding, they decided to continue on and recruited Johnson, who was previously vocalist for Geordie.
The album was composed by Johnson, Angus and Malcolm Young, and recorded over seven weeks in the Bahamas from April to May 1980 with producer Robert John 'Mutt' Lange, who had worked on their previous album. Following its completion, the group mixed Back in Black at Electric Lady Studios in New York City. The album's all-black cover was designed as a 'sign of mourning' for Scott.
As their sixth international studio release, Back in Black was an unprecedented success. It has sold an estimated 50 million copies worldwide.[1][2][3][4] It is one of the best-selling albums in music history. The band supported the album with a yearlong world tour, cementing them among the most popular music acts of the early 1980s. The album also received positive critical reception during its initial release, and it has since been included on numerous lists of 'greatest' albums. Since its original release, the album has been reissued and remastered multiple times, most recently for digital distribution.
- 7Personnel
- 8Charts
Background[edit]
By 1979, AC/DC were poised to receive a significant level of success with their sixth studio album, Highway to Hell. Robert John 'Mutt' Lange produced the record, making the band's sound more catchy and accessible to international audiences, and it became their first platinum album in the United States, selling over one million copies, while also peaking at number 17 on that country's pop charts and number eight in the United Kingdom.[5] AC/DC, formed in 1973, first broke into international markets in 1977 with their fourth record, Let There Be Rock.[5]
As the new decade approached, the group set off for the UK and France for the final tour dates of their breakthrough release.[6] They planned to begin recording a follow-up shortly after its completion. On 19 February 1980, Scott went on a drinking binge in a London pub that caused him to lose consciousness, so a friend let him rest in the back of his Renault 5 overnight. The next morning, Scott was found unresponsive and rushed to King's College Hospital where medical personnel pronounced him dead on arrival. The coroner ruled that pulmonary aspiration of vomit was the cause of Scott's death, but the official cause was listed on the death certificate as 'acute alcoholic poisoning' and classified as 'death by misadventure'. Scott was cremated and his ashes were interred by his family at Fremantle Cemetery in Fremantle, Western Australia.[7] The loss devastated the band, who considered breaking up. However, friends and family persuaded them to carry on.[8]
After Bon Scott's funeral, the band immediately began auditions for a replacement frontman. At the advice of Lange, the group brought in Geordie singer Brian Johnson, who impressed the group.[9] After the band begrudgingly worked through the rest of the list of applicants in the following days, Johnson returned for a second rehearsal.[10] On 29 March, Malcolm Young called the singer to offer him the job, to his surprise.[11]
Recording and production[edit]
Rehearsals for Back in Black were scheduled over three weeks at London’s E-Zee Hire Studios, but it was cut to one week when an opening came up at Compass Point Studios in Nassau, in the Bahamas. Although they preferred to record their next effort in the UK, there were no studios available, and the Bahamas presented a nice tax advantage.[12]
Back in Black was recorded from mid-April to May 1980 at Compass Point with producer 'Mutt' Lange. Upon their arrival, the area was being hit by several tropical storms, wreaking havoc on the studio's electricity. In addition, their equipment was initially held up by customs, and other gear was slowly freighted over from the UK.[13] Johnson felt pressure during the process, having never recorded with the group. None of Scott's writings were used for the album's lyrics, as the group felt it would seemingly profit from his passing. Johnson reported having trouble adjusting to the environment, and even referenced the bad weather on the opening lines of 'Hells Bells' ('I'm rolling thunder, pourin' rain. I'm comin' on like a hurricane. My lightning's flashing across the sky. You're only young but you're gonna die.').[14] Lange focused particular attention on Johnson's vocals, demanding perfection out of each take.[15]
The general attitude in the studio was optimistic. Engineer Tony Platt was dismayed, however, to find the studio's rooms were not sonically complimentary to the group's sound, which was designed to be very dry and compact.[16] A humorous anecdote from the sessions involved a recording being interrupted by random crab shuffling across the studio's wooden floor.[17] Angus Young's particular guitar sound was achieved in part by a wireless guitar device, the Schaffer–Vega diversity system, a Ken Schaffer design which provided a signal boost and was reissued as a separate guitar effect in 2014.[18][19]
Near the end of the process, the band phoned manager Ian Jeffery in search of a bell to include on the album.[20] Jeffery located a foundry to produce the bell, but with seven weeks having already gone by, he suggested Platt record a nearby church's bells. These recordings did not suffice due to the sound of a flurry of birds flying away at each bell hit. The foundry brought forward production on the bell, which turned out perfectly tuned, and it was recorded with Ronnie Lane's Mobile Studio.[21] Following the recording's completion, the group mixed Back in Black at Electric Lady Studios in New York City.[22]
According to Angus Young, the album's all-black cover was a 'sign of mourning' for Scott. Atlantic Records disagreed with the cover, but accepted if the band put a grey outline around the AC/DC logo.[14]
Release and promotion[edit]
Back in Black was first released in the United States on 25 July 1980. Its release in the United Kingdom and the rest of Europe followed on 31 July, and on 11 August in Australia.[23] It was an immediate commercial success, debuting at number one on the British albums chart and reaching number four on the American chart—which Rolling Stone called 'an exceptional showing for a heavy-metal album'.[24] It topped the British chart for two weeks and remained in the top 10 of the American chart for more than five months. In Australia, it reached number two on the ARIA Charts.[23]
After Back in Black was released, AC/DC's previous records Highway to Hell, If You Want Blood You've Got It, and Let There Be Rock all re-entered the British charts, which made them the first band since The Beatles to have four albums in the British Top 100 simultaneously.[25]Back in Black's American success prompted Atlantic, the band's US record company, to release their 1976 Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap album for the first time in the US; in May 1981 it surpassed Back in Black on the US chart at number three.[23]
To promote the album, music videos were filmed for the songs 'You Shook Me All Night Long', 'Hells Bells', the title track, 'Rock and Roll Ain't Noise Pollution', 'Let Me Put Love Into You', and 'Shoot to Thrill'. Only the first four were released as singles.[23] In the US, the single 'You Shook Me All Night Long'/'Have a Drink on Me' became AC/DC's first Top 40 hit in the country, peaking at no. 35.[25]
On 13 December 2007, the album was certified 22× multi-platinum by the RIAA, denoting 22 million American sales.[26] This placed it sixth in the list of best-selling albums in the US.[27] The album has also sold one million or more copies in Canada, Germany and France.[28] Worldwide, it went on to sell 50 million copies, leading NME journalist Mark Beaumont to call it 'the biggest selling hard rock album ever made';[29] rock historian Brock Helander said it was possibly 'the best-selling heavy-metal album in history'.[30]
Critical reception[edit]
Retrospective professional reviews | |
---|---|
Review scores | |
Source | Rating |
AllMusic | [31] |
Blender | [32] |
Christgau's Record Guide | B−[33] |
Encyclopedia of Popular Music | [34] |
The Great Rock Discography | 8/10[34] |
MusicHound Rock | 5/5[35] |
Pitchfork | 8.8/10[36] |
Rolling Stone | [37] |
The Rolling Stone Album Guide | [38] |
Spin Alternative Record Guide | 8/10[34] |
Reviewing for Rolling Stone in 1980, David Fricke regarded Back in Black as 'not only the best of AC/DC's six American albums' but 'the apex of heavy-metal art: the first LP since Led Zeppelin II that captures all the blood, sweat and arrogance of the genre.'[39] Red Starr from Smash Hits was more critical, finding the songs indistinguishable from one another and marred by hypermasculine fantasies, rock music stock phrases, garish guitar, and dull rhythms, on 'yet another triumph for lowest common denominator headbanging—the new thoroughly predictable, thoroughly dreadful AC/DC album.' He gave the record a score of 3 out of 10.[40]
In a retrospective review, Rolling Stone critic Christian Hoard praised the album as the band's greatest work, possibly 'the leanest and meanest record of all time—balls-out arena rock that punks could love.'[37] Barry Walters from Rolling Stone said Back in Black 'still sounds thoroughly timeless, the essence of unrepentantly simple but savagely crafted hard rock' and 'a celebration of thrashing, animal sex', although he observed 'mean-spirited sexism' on songs such as 'What Do You Do for Money Honey' and 'Given the Dog a Bone'.[41]Robert Christgau was less enthusiastic, finding the band somewhat too 'primitive' and their sexual imagery 'unimaginative'. 'Angus Young does come up with killer riffs', he wrote in Christgau's Record Guide: The '80s (1990), 'though not as consistently as a refined person like myself might hope, and lead singer Brian Johnson sings like there's a cattle prod at his scrotum, just the thing for fans who can't decide whether their newfound testosterone is agony or ecstasy.'[33]Kitty Empire of The Observer acknowledged it was 'a preposterous, drongoid record ... built on casual sexism, eye-rolling double entendres, a highly questionable attitude to sexual consent ('Don't you struggle/ Don't you fight/ Don't you worry/ Cos it's your turn tonight') a penchant for firearms, and a crass celebration of the unthinking macho hedonism that killed the band's original singer.' Nonetheless, she concurred with Fricke's original view of the album as a heavy metal masterpiece while naming it her favourite album ever, 'the obsessive soundtrack of my adolescence, the racy middle-brow thriller that spoke to me both as a tomboy who wanted to be one of the guys, and the increasingly female ingenue who needed to work out the world of men. Plus teenagers love death.'[42]
The album is featured on many 'best of' lists. In 1989, it was ranked No. 26 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 100 Best Albums of the Eighties. The title track was ranked no. 190 on the same magazine's list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.[43] In 2001, VH1 ranked Back in Black No. 82 on its list of the Top 100 Albums.[44] VH1 also placed the title track at No. 2 on its list of the 100 Greatest Hard Rock Songs. In 2003, the album was ranked No. 77 on Rolling Stone's list of 'The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time'.[45] In 2006, Q magazine placed the album at No. 9 in its list of the 40 Best Albums of the '80s.[46] It was listed at No. 2 in the book, 100 Best Australian Albums, in October 2010,[47] and included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die in 2005.[48]
Legacy and influence[edit]
Back in Black is an influential hard rock and heavy metal album.[49] According to Tim Jonze of The Guardian, it has been hailed by some as 'a high watermark' for heavy metal music.[50]NME regarded it as an important release in 1980s metal and heavy rock, naming it one of the 20 best metal albums of its decade,[51] while The Daily Telegraph ranked it as one of the 20 greatest heavy metal albums of all time.[52] Paul Brannigan of Metal Hammer cited it as one of the ten albums that helped reestablish the genre's global popularity in 1980, making it 'the greatest year for heavy metal'.[53]
According to rock journalist Joe S. Harrington, Back in Black was released at a time when heavy metal stood at a turning point between a decline and a revival, as most bands in the genre were playing slower tempos and longer guitar solos, while AC/DC and Van Halen adopted punk rock's 'high-energy implications' and 'constricted their songs into more pop-oriented blasts'. Harrington credited producer Lange for drawing AC/DC further away from the blues-oriented rock of their previous albums, and toward a more dynamic attack that concentrated and harmonized each element of the band: 'the guitars were compacted into a singular statement of rhythmic efficiency, the rhythm section provided the thunderhorse overdrive, and vocalist Johnson belowed and brayed like the most unhinged practitioner of bluesy top-man dynamics since vintage Robert Plant.' The resulting music, along with contemporaneous records by Motörhead and Ozzy Osbourne, helped revitalize and reintroduce metal to a younger generation of listeners, 'eventually resulting in the punk-metal crossover personified by Metallica and others.'[54] In 1,000 Recordings to Hear Before You Die (2008), Tom Moon said Back in Black's 'lean mean arena rock' and the production's 'delicate balance of power and finesse' defined the commercial side of heavy music for years after its release.'[55]
Lange's production for the album had an enduring impact in the music industry; 'to this day, producers still use it as the de facto paint-by-numbers guidebook for how a hard-rock record should sound', Harrington wrote.[54] In the years after its release, studios in Nashville would use it to check the acoustics of a room, while Motörhead would use it to tune their sound system.[56] American death metal group Six Feet Under recorded a cover of the entire album under the title Graveyard Classics 2.[57]
Track listing[edit]
All tracks written by Angus Young, Malcolm Young and Brian Johnson.
Side one | ||
---|---|---|
No. | Title | Length |
1. | 'Hells Bells' | 5:10 |
2. | 'Shoot to Thrill' | 5:17 |
3. | 'What Do You Do for Money Honey' | 3:33 |
4. | 'Given the Dog a Bone' | 3:30 |
5. | 'Let Me Put My Love into You' | 4:16 |
Side two | ||
---|---|---|
No. | Title | Length |
1. | 'Back in Black' | 4:14 |
2. | 'You Shook Me All Night Long' | 3:30 |
3. | 'Have a Drink on Me' | 3:57 |
4. | 'Shake a Leg' | 4:06 |
5. | 'Rock and Roll Ain't Noise Pollution' | 4:15 |
Total length: | 42:11 |
- According to the official AC/DC website and most worldwide releases, track four is 'Given the Dog a Bone'.[58][59] On some albums, particular Australian releases, and also in the iTunes Store, it is sometimes shown as either 'Givin' the Dog a Bone' or 'Giving the Dog a Bone'.[60][61]
Personnel[edit]
AC/DC[edit]
- Brian Johnson – lead vocals
- Angus Young – lead guitar
- Malcolm Young – rhythm guitar, backing vocals
- Cliff Williams – bass guitar, backing vocals
- Phil Rudd – drums
Production[edit]
- Robert John 'Mutt' Lange – production
- Tony Platt – assistant engineering
- Benji Armbrister – assistant engineering
- Jack Newber – assistant engineering
- Brad Samuelsohn – mixing
- Bob Ludwig – mastering (original LP)
- Barry Diament – mastering (original CD releases)
- Ted Jensen – remastering (EMI/Atco reissue)
- George Marino – remastering (Epic reissue)
- Bob Defrin – art direction
- Robert Ellis – photography
Charts[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
| Year-end charts[edit]
|
Certifications[edit]
Region | Certification | Certified units/Sales |
---|---|---|
Argentina (CAPIF)[83] | Platinum | 60,000^ |
Australia (ARIA)[84] | 12× Platinum | 840,000^ |
Austria (IFPI Austria)[85] | Platinum | 50,000* |
Canada (Music Canada)[86] | Diamond | 1,000,000^ |
Denmark (IFPI Denmark)[87] | 2× Platinum | 40,000^ |
France (SNEP)[88] | 2× Platinum | 1,394,900[28] |
Germany (BVMI)[89] | 2× Platinum | 1,000,000^ |
Italy (FIMI)[90] | 2× Platinum | 200,000* |
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[91] | Gold | 50,000^ |
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland)[92] | 2× Platinum | 100,000^ |
United Kingdom (BPI)[93] | 2× Platinum | 600,000^ |
United States (RIAA)[94] | 22× Platinum | 22,000,000^ |
*sales figures based on certification alone |
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^Ma, Kai (6 June 2011). 'Heavy Metal Under the Sea: Sharks Act Calmer When Listening to AC/DC'. Time. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
- ^Sutcliffe, Phil (2010). AC/DC: High-Voltage Rock 'n' Roll: The Ultimate Illustrated History. Voyageur Press.
- ^McNamee, Gregory (24 August 2010). 'AC/DC, 'Back in Black' (Great Moments in Pop Music History)'. Archived from the original on 21 August 2014.. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
- ^Mierendorf, Mike (2 August 2012). 'Cultural Impact: AC/DC – 'Back In Black''. Archived from the original on 24 January 2013.. Cultural Transmogrifier Magazine.
- ^ ab'AC/DC – Artist Biography'. AllMusic. All Media Network. Retrieved 10 February 2015.
- ^Engleheart & Durieux 2008, p. 287.
- ^Engleheart & Durieux 2008, p. 299.
- ^Engleheart & Durieux 2008, p. 297.
- ^Engleheart & Durieux 2008, p. 309.
- ^Engleheart & Durieux 2008, p. 317–18.
- ^Engleheart & Durieux 2008, p. 319–20.
- ^Engleheart & Durieux 2008, p. 324.
- ^Engleheart & Durieux 2008, p. 325.
- ^ ab'Back in Black 30th Anniversary'. Archived from the original on 26 April 2015.. Fanclub.acdc.com.
- ^Engleheart & Durieux 2008, p. 329.
- ^Engleheart & Durieux 2008, p. 327.
- ^Engleheart & Durieux 2008, p. 330.
- ^Molenda, Michael (June 2015). 'The Schaffer Replica Pedal'. Vintage Guitar. p. 124.
- ^Molenda, Michael (May 2015). 'Solving the Mystery of Angus Young's Classic Back in Black Tone'. Vintage Guitar. pp. 50–51.
- ^Engleheart & Durieux 2008, p. 331.
- ^Engleheart & Durieux 2008, p. 332.
- ^Back in Black (liner notes). AC/DC. US: Atlantic Records. 1980. SD 16018.CS1 maint: others (link)
- ^ abcdWilding, Philip (25 July 2017). 'The Story Behind the Album: AC/DC's Back in Black'. Classic Rock. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
- ^'26: AC/DC, 'Back in Black''. Rolling Stone. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
- ^ abEngleheart, Murray; Durieux, Arnaud (2006). AC/DC: Maximum Rock & Roll. HarperCollins. p. 339. ISBN0-7322-8383-3.
- ^'RIAA – Gold & Platinum Searchable Database – Back in Black'. Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
- ^'RIAA – Top 100 Albums'. RIAA. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
- ^ ab'Les Meilleures Ventes de CD / Albums 'Tout Temps''. InfoDisc (in French). Retrieved 13 May 2016.
- ^Beaumont, Mark (24 July 2015). '10 Things You Might Not Know About AC/DC's 'Back In Black''. NME. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
- ^Helander, Brock (1996). The Rock Who's Who (2nd ed.). Schirmer Books. p. 5. ISBN0028710312.
- ^Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. 'AC/DC – Back in Black'. AllMusic. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
- ^'AC/DC – Back in Black'. Blender. Archived from the original on 9 April 2007.
- ^ abChristgau, Robert (1990). 'AC/DC'. Christgau's Record Guide: The '80s. Pantheon Books. p. 28. ISBN0-679-73015-X. Retrieved 29 July 2018.
- ^ abc'Back in Black'. Acclaimed Music. Retrieved 29 July 2018.
- ^Graff, Gary; Durchholz, Daniel, eds. (1999). 'AC/DC'. MusicHound Rock: The Essential Album Guide. Farmington Hills, MI: Visible Ink Press. ISBN1-57859-061-2.
- ^'AC/DC: Back in Black'. Pitchfork. Retrieved 16 June 2019.
- ^ abHoard, Christian (10 February 2005). 'AC/DC – Back In Black'. Rolling Stone. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
- ^Coleman, Mark; Ryan, Chris (2004). 'AC/DC'. In Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian (eds.). The Rolling Stone Album Guide (4th ed.). Simon & Schuster. p. 4. ISBN0-7432-0169-8.
- ^Fricke, David (27 November 1980). 'AC/DC – Back In Black'. Rolling Stone. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
- ^Starr, Red. 'Albums'. Smash Hits. No. 21 August – 3 September 1980. p. 30. Retrieved 29 July 2018.
- ^Walterds, Barry (27 September 2002). 'AC/DC – Back In Black'. Rolling Stone. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
- ^Empire, Kitty (5 August 2011). 'My favourite album: Back in Black by AC/DC'. The Observer. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
- ^'500 Greatest Songs of All Time – 190: AC/DC, 'Back in Black''. Rolling Stone. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
- ^'The Top 100 Albums by VH1 (2001)'. VH1. Best Ever Albums. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
- ^'500 Greatest Albums of All Time 77 – AC/DC, 'Back in Black''. Rolling Stone. Retrieved 13 June 2014.
- ^Q August 2006, Issue 241
- ^O'Donnell, John; Creswell, Toby; Mathieson, Craig (October 2010). 100 Best Australian Albums. Prahran, Vic: Hardie Grant Books. ISBN978-1-74066-955-9.
- ^'1001 Albums You Must Hear – 2008 Edition'. Rocklist.net. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
- ^Clifford-Napoleone, Amber R. (2015). 'Black Leather'. Queerness in Heavy Metal Music: Metal Bent. Routledge Studies in Popular Music. Routledge. ISBN1317916549.
- ^Jonze, Tim (14 April 2009). 'A handy guide to heavy metal'. The Guardian. Retrieved 7 August 2018.
- ^'The 20 Best 80's Metal Albums'. NME. 15 April 2018. Retrieved 7 August 2018.
- ^'AC/DC: Back in Black – Top 20 Heavy Metal Albums'. The Daily Telegraph. 25 September 2015. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
- ^Brannigan, Paul (4 February 2016). 'Why 1980 was the greatest year for heavy metal'. Metal Hammer. Retrieved 7 August 2018.
- ^ abHarrington, Joe S. (2003). 'Back in Black'. In Hoye, Jacob (ed.). VH-1's 100 Greatest Albums. Simon & Schuster. pp. 81–82. ISBN0743448766.
- ^Moon, Tom (2008). 1,000 Recordings to Hear Before You Die: A Listener's Life List. Workman Publishing. p. 5. ISBN076113963X.
- ^Engleheart, Murray; Durieux, Arnaud (2006). AC/DC: Maximum Rock & Roll. p. 337. ISBN0-7322-8383-3.
- ^Kergan, Wade. 'Six Feet Under – Graveyard Classics, Vol. 2'. AllMusic. Retrieved 28 November 2015.
- ^'Back in Black – Track Listings'. Acdc.com. Archived from the original on 31 January 2013.
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- ^ ab'Les Albums (CD) de 1980 par InfoDisc'. Archived from the original on 9 January 2016.. InfoDisc.
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- ^'Official Albums Chart Top 100'. Official Charts Company. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
- ^ abcdefghi'Back in Black – Awards'. AllMusic. All Media Network. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
- ^Kent, David (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992. St Ives, N.S.W.: Australian Chart Book. ISBN0-646-11917-6.
- ^'Top RPM Albums: Issue 0298'. RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
- ^ ab'Gli album più venduti del 1981' (in Italian). Hit Parade Italia. Creative Commons. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
- ^'Le Détail des Albums de chaque Artiste' (in French). InfoDisc. Select 'AC/DC' from the artist drop-down menu. Retrieved 10 May 2016.
- ^ abcde'Swisscharts.com – AC/DC – Back In Black'. Hung Medien. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
- ^'Spanishcharts.com – AC/DC – Back In Black'. Hung Medien. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
- ^ abc'AC/DC: Back In Black' (in Finnish). Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
- ^ ab'Danishcharts.dk – AC/DC – Back In Black'. Hung Medien. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
- ^'Australiancharts.com – AC/DC – Back In Black'. Hung Medien. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
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- ^'Top 100 Albums'. RPM. Vol. 34 no. 6. 20 December 1980. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
- ^'Top 100 Albums of 1981'. RPM. Vol. 35 no. 22. 26 December 1981. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
- ^'Argentinian album certifications – AC/DC – Back in Black'. Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers.
- ^'ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2013 Albums'. Australian Recording Industry Association.
- ^'Austrian album certifications – AC/DC – Back in Black' (in German). IFPI Austria.Enter AC/DC in the field Interpret. Enter Back in Black in the field Titel. Select album in the field Format. Click Suchen.
- ^'Canadian album certifications – AC/DC – Back in Black'. Music Canada.
- ^'Danish album certifications – AC/DC – Back in Black'. IFPI Denmark. Scroll through the page-list below until year 2018 to obtain certification.
- ^'Certifications Albums Double Platine – année 2001'. Disque en France (in French). Archived from the original on 10 July 2011.
- ^'Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (AC/DC; 'Back in Black')' (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie.
- ^'Italian album certifications – AC/DC – Back in Black' (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana. Select '2016' in the 'Anno' drop-down menu. Select 'Back in Black' in the 'Filtra' field. Select 'Album e Compilation' under 'Sezione'.
- ^Salaverri, Fernando (September 2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año, 1959–2002 (1st ed.). Spain: Fundación Autor-SGAE. ISBN84-8048-639-2.
- ^'The Official Swiss Charts and Music Community: Awards (AC/DC; 'Back in Black')'. IFPI Switzerland. Hung Medien.
- ^'British album certifications – AC/DC – Back in Black'. British Phonographic Industry.Select albums in the Format field.Select Platinum in the Certification field.Type Back in Black in the 'Search BPI Awards' field and then press Enter.
- ^'American album certifications – AC/DC – Back in Black'. Recording Industry Association of America.If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Album, then click SEARCH.
Bibliography[edit]
- Engleheart, Murray; Durieux, Arnaud (2008). AC/DC: Maximum Rock & Roll. Harper Entertainment. ISBN0-06-113391-4.
External links[edit]
- Back in Black at Discogs (list of releases)