E | |
---|---|
E e | |
(See below) | |
Usage | |
Writing system | Latin script |
Type | Alphabetic |
Language of origin | Latin language |
Phonetic usage | [e] [e̞] [ɛ] [ə] [ɪ~i] [ɘ] [ʲe] [h] (English variations) |
Unicode value | U+0045, U+0065 |
Alphabetical position | 5 |
History | |
Development | |
Time period | c. 700 BC to present |
Descendants | • ♯ • Ə • Æ • Œ • € • ℮ • ∃ • ∈ • ℯ • ℇ • ℰ • ℥ • & |
Sisters | Е Э Є Ё Ә Һ ה ﻫ ﻪ ﻬ ه ܗ Ɛ Եե Էէ Ըը ࠄ 𐎅 Ⲉ |
Variations | (See below) |
Other | |
Other letters commonly used with | ee e(x) e(x)(y) |
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. |
- Family Tree Maker 2014 Iso Download Torrent
- Family Tree Maker Coupon Code
- Family Tree Maker 2014 Iso Download Pc
- Install Family Tree Maker 2014
- Family Tree Maker 2014 Download Free
- Family Tree Maker 2014 Software
2013-09-08 Six Things to know about Family Tree Maker 2014 New Family Tree Maker 6 1. Family Tree Maker version 22. Family Tree Maker 2014 is a marketing name. The 2014 in Family Tree Maker 2014 isn't its version number. Family Tree Maker 2014 does have a version number.
|
E (namede/iː/, plural ees)[1] is the fifth letter and the second vowel in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet. It is the most commonly used letter in many languages, including Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Hungarian, Latin, Latvian, Norwegian, Spanish, and Swedish.[2][3][4][5][6]
- 2Use in writing systems
- 4Related characters
History[edit]
Egyptian hieroglyph q’ | Phoenician He | Etruscan E | Greek Epsilon | Roman/ Cyrillic E |
---|
The Latin letter 'E' differs little from its source, the Greek letter epsilon, 'Ε'. This in turn comes from the Semitic letter hê, which has been suggested to have started as a praying or calling human figure (hillul 'jubilation'), and was probably based on a similar Egyptian hieroglyph that indicated a different pronunciation. In Semitic, the letter represented /h/ (and /e/ in foreign words); in Greek, hê became the letter epsilon, used to represent /e/. The various forms of the Old Italic script and the Latin alphabet followed this usage.
Use in writing systems[edit]
English[edit]
Although Middle English spelling used ⟨e⟩ to represent long and short /e/, the Great Vowel Shift changed long /eː/ (as in 'me' or 'bee') to /iː/ while short /ɛ/ (as in 'met' or 'bed') remained a mid vowel. In other cases, the letter is silent, generally at the end of words.
Other languages[edit]
In the orthography of many languages it represents either [e], [e̞], [ɛ], or some variation (such as a nasalized version) of these sounds, often with diacritics (as: ⟨e êéèëēĕěẽėẹęẻ⟩) to indicate contrasts. Less commonly, as in French, German, or Saanich, ⟨e⟩ represents a mid-central vowel /ə/. Digraphs with ⟨e⟩ are common to indicate either diphthongs or monophthongs, such as ⟨ea⟩ or ⟨ee⟩ for /iː/ or /eɪ/ in English, ⟨ei⟩ for /aɪ/ in German, and ⟨eu⟩ for /ø/ in French or /ɔɪ/ in German.
Other systems[edit]
The International Phonetic Alphabet uses ⟨e⟩ for the close-mid front unrounded vowel or the mid front unrounded vowel.
Most common letter[edit]
'E' is the most common (or highest-frequency) letter in the English alphabet (starting off the typographer's phrase ETAOIN SHRDLU) and several other European languages, which has implications in both cryptography and data compression. In the story 'The Gold-Bug' by Edgar Allan Poe, a character figures out a random character code by remembering that the most used letter in English is E. This makes it a hard and popular letter to use when writing lipograms. Ernest Vincent Wright's Gadsby (1939) is considered a 'dreadful' novel, and supposedly 'at least part of Wright's narrative issues were caused by language limitations imposed by the lack of E.'[7] Both Georges Perec's novel A Void (La Disparition) (1969) and its English translation by Gilbert Adair omit 'e' and are considered better works.[8]
Related characters[edit]
Descendants and related characters in the Latin alphabet[edit]
- E with diacritics: Ĕ ĕḜ ḝȆ ȇÊ ê Ê̄ ê̄ Ê̌ ê̌ Ề ềẾ ếỂ ểỄ ễỆ ệẺ ẻḘ ḙĚ ěɆ ɇĖ ė Ė́ ė́ Ė̃ ė̃ Ẹ ẹË ëÈ è È̩ è̩ Ȅ ȅÉ é É̩ é̩ Ē ēḔ ḕḖ ḗẼ ẽḚ ḛĘ ę Ę́ ę́ Ę̃ ę̃ Ȩ ȩ E̩ e̩ ᶒ[9]
- ⱸ : E with notch is used in the Swedish Dialect Alphabet[10]
- Æ æ : Latin AE ligature
- Œ œ : Latin OE ligature
- The umlaut diacritic ¨ used above a vowel letter in German and other languages to indicate a fronted or front vowel (this sign originated as a superscript e)
- Phonetic alphabet symbols related to E (the International Phonetic Alphabet only uses lowercase, but uppercase forms are used in some other writing systems):
- Ɛ ɛ : Latin letter epsilon / open e, which represents an open-mid front unrounded vowel in the IPA
- ᶓ : Epsilon / open e with retroflex hook[9]
- Ɜ ɜ : Latin letter reversed epsilon / open e, which represents an open-mid central unrounded vowel in the IPA
- ɝ : Latin small letter reversed epsilon / open e with hook, which represents a rhotacized open-mid central vowel in the IPA
- ᶔ : Reversed epsilon / open e with retroflex hook[9]
- ᶟ : Modifier letter small reversed epsilon / open e[9]
- ɞ : Latin small letter closed reversed open e, which represents an open-mid central rounded vowel in IPA (shown as ʚ on the 1993 IPA chart)
- Ə ə : Latin letter schwa, which represents a mid central vowel in the IPA
- Ǝ ǝ : Latin letter turned e, which is used in the writing systems of some African languages
- ɘ : Latin letter reversed e, which represents a close-mid central unrounded vowel in the IPA
- The Uralic Phonetic Alphabet uses various forms of e and epsilon / open e:[11]
- U+1D07ᴇLATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL E
- U+1D08ᴈLATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED OPEN E
- U+1D31ᴱMODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL E
- U+1D32ᴲMODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL REVERSED E
- U+1D49ᵉMODIFIER LETTER SMALL E
- U+1D4BᵋMODIFIER LETTER SMALL OPEN E
- U+1D4CᵌMODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED OPEN E
- U+2C7BⱻLATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL TURNED E[12]
- ₑ : Subscript small e is used in Indo-European studies[13]
- Teuthonista phonetic transcription system symbols related to E:[14]
- U+AB32ꬲLATIN SMALL LETTER BLACKLETTER E
- U+AB33ꬳLATIN SMALL LETTER BARRED E
- U+AB34ꬴLATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH FLOURISH
Ancestors and siblings in other alphabets[edit]
- 𐤄 : Semitic letter He (letter), from which the following symbols originally derive
- Ε ε : Greek letter Epsilon, from which the following symbols originally derive
- Е е : Cyrillic letter Ye
- Є є : Ukrainian Ye
- Э э : Cyrillic letter E
- Ⲉ ⲉ : Coptic letter Ei
- 𐌄 : Old Italic E, which is the ancestor of modern Latin E
- ᛖ : Runic letter Ehwaz, which is possibly a descendant of Old Italic E
- 𐌴 : Gothic letter eyz
- Ε ε : Greek letter Epsilon, from which the following symbols originally derive
Derived signs, symbols and abbreviations[edit]
- € : Euro sign.
- ℮ : Estimated sign (used on prepackaged goods for sale within the European Union).
- e : the symbol for the elementary charge (the electric charge carried by a single proton)
- ∃ : existential quantifier in predicate logic.
- ∈ : the symbol for set membership in set theory.
- ℯ : the base of the natural logarithm.
- ℇ : the Euler–Mascheroni constant.
Computing codes[edit]
Character | E | e | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E | LATIN SMALL LETTER E | ||
Encodings | decimal | hex | decimal | hex |
Unicode | 69 | U+0045 | 101 | U+0065 |
UTF-8 | 69 | 45 | 101 | 65 |
Numeric character reference | E | E | e | e |
EBCDIC family | 197 | C5 | 133 | 85 |
ASCII1 | 69 | 45 | 101 | 65 |
- 1Also for encodings based on ASCII, including the DOS, Windows, ISO-8859 and Macintosh families of encodings.
Other representations[edit]
NATO phonetic | Morse code |
Echo | · |
Signal flag | Flag semaphore | American manual alphabet (ASLfingerspelling) | Braille dots-15 |
In British Sign Language (BSL), the letter 'e' is signed by extending the index finger of the right hand touching the tip of index on the left hand, with all fingers of left hand open.
References[edit]
- ^'E' a letter Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language Unabridged (1993). Ees is the plural of the name of the letter; the plural of the letter itself is rendered E's, Es, e's, or es.
- ^Kelk, Brian. 'Letter frequencies'. UK Free Software Network. Retrieved 2008-06-25.
- ^Lewand, Robert. 'Relative Frequencies of Letters in General English Plain text'. Cryptographical Mathematics. Central College. Archived from the original on 2008-07-08. Retrieved 2008-06-25.
- ^'Frequency of Occurrence of Letters in Spanish'. Santa Cruz Public Libraries. Archived from the original on 2008-05-11. Retrieved 2008-06-25.
- ^'Frequency of Occurrence of Letters in French'. Santa Cruz Public Libraries. Archived from the original on 2008-03-12. Retrieved 2008-06-25.
- ^'Frequency of Occurrence of Letters in German'. Santa Cruz Public Libraries. Archived from the original on 2012-06-28. Retrieved 2008-06-25.
- ^Ross Eckler, Making the Alphabet Dance: Recreational Word Play. New York: St. Martin's Press (1996): 3
- ^Eckler (1996): 3. Perec's novel 'was so well written that at least some reviewers never realized the existence of a letter constraint.'
- ^ abcdConstable, Peter (2004-04-19). 'L2/04-132 Proposal to add additional phonetic characters to the UCS'(PDF).
- ^Lemonen, Therese; Ruppel, Klaas; Kolehmainen, Erkki I.; Sandström, Caroline (2006-01-26). 'L2/06-036: Proposal to encode characters for Ordbok över Finlands svenska folkmål in the UCS'(PDF).
- ^Everson, Michael; et al. (2002-03-20). 'L2/02-141: Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS'(PDF).
- ^Ruppel, Klaas; Rueter, Jack; Kolehmainen, Erkki I. (2006-04-07). 'L2/06-215: Proposal for Encoding 3 Additional Characters of the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet'(PDF).
- ^Anderson, Deborah; Everson, Michael (2004-06-07). 'L2/04-191: Proposal to encode six Indo-Europeanist phonetic characters in the UCS'(PDF).
- ^Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). 'L2/11-202: Revised proposal to encode 'Teuthonista' phonetic characters in the UCS'(PDF).
External links[edit]
- Media related to E at Wikimedia Commons
- The dictionary definition of E at Wiktionary
- The dictionary definition of e at Wiktionary
Family Tree Maker 2014 ISO Free Download Latest Version for Windows. It is full offline installer standalone setup of Family Tree Maker 2014 for 32/64 Bit.
Family Tree Maker 2014 ISO Overview
Family Tree Maker 2014 is an application which can be used for creating your family tree in a very easy manner. It provides you a place for storing your research results and lets you have prints of the charts of your family lineage. The 2014 version has got a new Family View in order to see your family tree on a broader scale. It has also got improved charts and reports. It has got new printing options in order to get scintillating family tree views. The newly added Family Tree View will make navigation easier which comes in handy when you are going through extended family members.
The synchronization of your tree with Ancestry.com tree has also been on improving grounds and there is a more robust TreeSync which will sync more and more family tree information. You can share your family tree with your family members and coworkers. You can collaborate with the world’s largest family history community. You can keep your family information private if you don’t want others to see it or you can set it to public so that others can find it easily.
Family Tree Maker 2014 Iso Download Torrent
Features of Family Tree Maker 2014 ISO
Below are some noticeable features which you’ll experience after Family Tree Maker 2014 ISO free download.
Family Tree Maker Coupon Code
- Can create your family tree easily.
- Provides you a space for your research results.
- Got improved charts and reports.
- Got a new feature called Family View.
- Easy navigation.
- Can collaborate with world’s largest family history community.
- Can keep your family history private or public.
Family Tree Maker 2014 ISO Technical Setup Details
- Software Full Name: Family Tree Maker 2014 ISO
- Setup File Name: family_tree_maker_2014.ISO
- Full Setup Size: 672 MB
- Setup Type: Offline Installer / Full Standalone Setup
- Compatibility Architecture: 32 Bit (x86) / 64 Bit (x64)
- Latest Version Release Added On: 21th Sep 2015
- License: Free Trail
- Developers: Family Tree Maker Homepage
System Requirements For Family Tree Maker 2014 ISO
Family Tree Maker 2014 Iso Download Pc
Before you start Family Tree Maker 2014 ISO free download, make sure your PC meets minimum system requirements.
Install Family Tree Maker 2014
- Operating System: Windows XP/Vista/7/8/8.1
- Memory (RAM): 1GB of RAM required.
- Hard Disk Space: 700MB of free space required.
- Processor: 500MHz processor or faster.
Family Tree Maker 2014 Download Free
Family Tree Maker 2014 ISO Free Download
Click on below button to start Family Tree Maker 2014 ISO Free Download. This is complete offline installer and standalone setup for Family Tree Maker 2014 ISO. This would be compatible with both 32 bit and 64 bit windows.